Indigeneous industries are developed in collaboration with foreign companies

Agriculture and industrial sectors are equally developed

Public and private sectors exist side by side

Modern industrial sector and traditional subsistence sector exist side by side

Balanced growth during the take off process

Importance of agricultural product in capital accumulation in underdeveloped countries

Dualistic approach to development

All of these

Strong back-wash and spread effects

Strong back-wash and weak spread effects

Weak back-wash and spread effects

Weak back-wash effects and strong spread effects

W.G. Hoffmann

Hirschman

Leontief

Nurkse

Natural rate of growth

Warranted rate of growth

Actual rate of growth

None of the above

Increase in the investment ratio

Reducing the capital-output ratio

Restricting the growth of population

All of the above

Full employment

Unemployment

High level of consumption

Low level of consumption

R. Nurkse

D. Ricardo

A. Marshall

J.H. Boeke

A shift away from agriculture

A shift in favour of agriculture

A shift away from services

week administrative machinery

illiteracy

high capital-output ratio

high population density